NA HANA NO KA HANA ANA I NA ALKYL GLUCOSIDE

ʻO ka Fischer glycosidation wale nō ke ʻano o ka synthesis kemika i hiki ai ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai o kēia lā a me ka ʻenehana no ka hana nui o nā alkyl polyglucosides.Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu hana me nā mana o ka 20,000 t/makahiki a hoʻonui i ka nui o nā huahana o ka ʻoihana surfactants me nā mea hana ma luna o nā mea hana hou.ʻO D-Glucose a me linear C8-C16 fatty alcohols ua hōʻoia i nā mea hānai makemake.Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau educts i alkyl polyglucosides surface-active ma o ka Fischer glycosidation pololei a i ʻole ka transglycosidation ʻelua ʻanuʻu ma o butyl polyglucoside ma ke alo o nā catalysts acid, me ka wai ma ke ʻano he huahana.Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai mai ka hui ʻana i mea e hoʻololi ai i ka equilibrium pane i nā huahana i makemake ʻia.I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana glycosidation, pono e pale ʻia nā inhomogeneities i ka hui ʻana, no ka mea ke alakaʻi nei lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā polyglucosides i kapa ʻia, he mea makemake ʻole.No laila, nui nā ʻenehana loea e noʻonoʻo ana i ka homogenizing i nā educts n-glucose a me nā waiʻona, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma muli o ko lākou ʻokoʻa i ka polarity.I ka wā o ka hopena, hoʻokumu ʻia nā paʻa glycosidic ma waena o ka waiʻona momona a me ka n-glucose a ma waena o nā ʻāpana n-glucose iā lākou iho.Hoʻokumu ʻia nā Alkyl polyglucosides ma ke ʻano he hui ʻana o nā hakina me nā helu like ʻole o nā ʻāpana glucose ma ke koena alkyl kaulahao lōʻihi.ʻO kēlā me kēia o kēia mau hakina, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hana ʻia me nā mea ʻokoʻa isomeric, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāpana n-glucose e lawe i nā ʻano anomeric like ʻole a me nā ʻano apo i ke kaulike kemika i ka wā o ka Fischer glycosidation a me nā pilina glycosidic ma waena o nā ʻāpana D-glucose e loaʻa i kekahi mau kūlana paʻa. .ʻO ka ratio anomer o nā ʻāpana D-glucose ma kahi o α/β＝ 2: 1 a ʻike ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana i wehewehe ʻia o Fischer synthesis.Ma lalo o nā kūlana thermodynamically hoʻomalu ʻia, ʻo nā ʻāpana n-glucose i loko o ka hui ʻana o ka huahana e noho nui ma ke ʻano o nā pyranosides.ʻO ka helu maʻamau o nā ʻāpana n-glucose no ke koena alkyl, ka mea i kapa ʻia ke degere o ka polymerization, he hana maoli ia o ka ratio molar o nā educts i ka wā o ka hana ʻana.Ma muli o kā lākou mau pilina surfactant pono [1], hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake kūikawā i nā alkyl polyglucosides me nā degere o ka polymerization ma waena o 1 a me 3, no laila e pono e hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o 3-10 mol fatty alcohol i kēlā me kēia mole o ka n-glucose i ke kaʻina hana.

Ke emi nei ka degere o ka polymerization i ka piʻi ʻana o ka waiʻona momona.Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻona momona momona a hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia e kahi kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻāpana he nui me nā evaporator kiʻiʻoniʻoni hāʻule, i hiki ke mālama ʻia ke kaumaha wela i ka liʻiliʻi.Pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a ʻo ka manawa hoʻopili i ka wahi wela ka lōʻihi e hōʻoia i ka distillation lawa o ka momona momona a me ke kahe o ka alkyl polyglucoside hehee me ka ʻole o ka hopena decomposition nui.Hiki ke hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o nā ʻanuʻu hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hakina haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a laila ka nui o ka waiʻona momona, a ʻo ka hope ke koena momona ʻona, a hiki i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka polyglycoside alkyl ma ke ʻano he koena wai.

ʻOiai ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa loa no ka synthesis a me ka evaporation o nā waiʻona momona, e kū mai ka discoloration brown undesirable, a koi ʻia nā kaʻina bleaching e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka huahana.ʻO kekahi ʻano hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hōʻoia ʻia he kūpono, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe, e like me ka hydrogen peroxide, i kahi hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka polyglycoside alkyl i loko o kahi ʻano alkaline i mua o nā ion magnesium.

ʻO nā haʻawina he nui a me nā ʻano like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis, post-processing a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaʻina e hōʻoiaʻiʻo a hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻano hoʻonā "turnkey" kūpono e loaʻa ai kahi māka huahana kikoʻī.ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, pono e kūkulu ʻia nā ʻanuʻu hana a pau.Hāʻawi ʻo Dongfu i kekahi mau manaʻo no ka hoʻolālā hoʻonā a me nā ʻenehana ʻenehana, a wehewehe i nā kūlana kemika a me ke kino no ka hopena, kaʻawale a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana.

ʻO nā kaʻina hana nui ʻekolu - homogeneous transglycosidation, slurry process, a me ka ʻenehana hānai glucose-hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻoihana.I ka wā o ka transglycosidation, pono e mālama ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka butyl polyglucoside intermediate, ka mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā educts D-glucose a me ka butanol, pono e mālama ʻia ma kahi o 15% i loko o ka hui ʻana i mea e pale ai i nā inhomogeneities.No ke kumu like, pono e mālama ʻia ka wai i loko o ka hui ʻana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana o Fischer o nā polyglucosides alkyl ma lalo o 1%.Aia ma kahi ki'eki'e o ka wai e hiki ke ho'ololi i ka crystalline D-glucose i ho'opa'a 'ia i pu'upu'u pa'a, a laila e hopena i ka hana 'ino a me ka polymerization.Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka homogenization i ka hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻana a me ka reactivity o ka crystalline D-glucose i loko o ka hui ʻana.

Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea ʻenehana a me ka waiwai i ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka synthesis a me kāna mau ʻano ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.ʻO nā kaʻina hana transglycosidation homogeneous e pili ana i nā syrups D-glucose he mea maikaʻi loa ia no ka hana mau ʻana ma kahi nui.Hāʻawi lākou i ka mālama mau ʻana ma ka crystallization o ka mea maka D-glucose i loko o ke kaulahao waiwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka uku no ka hoʻolimalima hoʻokahi manawa kiʻekiʻe i ka pae transglycosidation a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka butanol.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka n-butanol ʻaʻohe mea pōʻino ʻē aʻe, no ka mea hiki ke hana hou ʻia ʻaneʻi a hiki i ke koena o ke koena o nā huahana hopena i hoʻihoʻi ʻia he mau ʻāpana wale nō i ka miliona, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻole.Hoʻokaʻawale ka Fischer glycosidation e like me ke kaʻina hana slurry a i ʻole ka ʻenehana hānai glucose e hāʻawi i ka pae transglycosidation a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka butanol.Hiki ke hoʻokō mau ʻia a koi ʻia ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā kumulāʻau haʻahaʻa iki.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke kumukūʻai o nā fossil a me nā mea hou hou, a me ka holomua ʻenehana hou i ka hana ʻana o ka polysaccharides alkyl, he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka mākeke mākeke a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala a me ka noi.Ua loaʻa i ka base polysaccharide kāna mau ʻenehana ponoʻī e hiki ke hāʻawi i nā pono hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi i ka mākeke mālama honua no nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala a i hoʻohana paha i ia kaʻina hana.Heʻoiaʻiʻo kēia i ka wā kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa nā kumukūʻai.Ua piʻi aʻe ke kumukūʻai hana o ka mea hana i ka pae maʻamau, ʻoiai inā e hāʻule iki ke kumukūʻai o nā kumu waiwai kūloko, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā pani no nā surfactants a hiki ke paipai i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā mea kanu hana alkyl polysaccharide hou.