Nā ʻano o nā Alkyl Polyglucosides

E like me ka polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers,nā alkyl polyglycosideshe mau surfactants ʻenehana. Hana ʻia lākou ma o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o Fischer synthesis a loaʻa i ka māhele ʻana o nā ʻano me nā pae like ʻole o ka glycosidation i hōʻike ʻia e ka mean n-value. Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he ratio o ka huina mola a pau o ka glucose i ka nui molar o ka waiʻona momona i loko o ka polyglucoside alkyl, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke kaumaha molekala awelika i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā hui ʻona momona. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo mua ʻia, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā polyglucosides alkyl koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana he mean n-waiwai o 1.1-1.7. No laila, loaʻa iā lākou nā alkyl monoglucosides a me nā alkyl diglucosides e like me nā mea nui, a me nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā alkyl triglucosides, alkyl tetraglucosides, etc. ʻO ka synthesis polyglucose, a me nā paʻakai, ma muli o ka catalysis (1.5-2.5%), aia mau. Ua helu ʻia nā kiʻi e pili ana i ka mea hana. ʻOiai hiki ke wehewehe ʻia nā polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers a i ʻole he nui o nā ethoxylates e ka puʻunaue ʻana o nā paona molekala, ʻaʻole lawa ka wehewehe like ʻana no nā polyglucosides alkyl no ka mea ʻo ka isomerism ʻokoʻa ka hopena o kahi ʻano paʻakikī o nā huahana. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o nā papa surfactant ʻelua ka hopena i nā waiwai ʻokoʻa mai ka pilina ikaika o nā hui poʻo me ka wai a ma kahi ʻāpana me kekahi.

Hoʻopili ikaika ka hui ethoxylate o ka polyoxyethylene alkyl ether me ka wai, e hana ana i nā paʻa hydrogen ma waena o ka ethylene oxygen a me nā molekole wai, no laila ke kūkulu ʻia nei nā pūpū hydration micellar kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wai (entropy haʻahaʻa a me ka enthalpy) ma mua o ka wai nui. ʻO ka hoʻolālā hydration he mea hoʻoikaika nui. ʻO ka maʻamau ma waena o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau molekele wai e pili pū me kēlā me kēia hui EO.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā pūʻulu poʻo glucosyl me ʻekolu mau hana OH no kahi monoglucoside a i ʻole ʻehiku no kahi diglucoside, manaʻo ʻia he ʻokoʻa loa ka hana alkyl glucoside me ka polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers. Ma waho aʻe o ka pilina ikaika me ka wai, aia kekahi mau mana ma waena o nā pūʻulu surfactant i loko o nā micelles a me nā pae ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻo nā polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers i hoʻohālikelike ʻia he wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, ʻo nā alkyl polyglucosides he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka pilina hydrogen intermolecular ma waena o nā pūʻulu glucosyl kokoke. Hōʻike lākou i nā waiwai crystalline wai thermotropic kūikawā, e like me ke kūkākūkā ʻana ma lalo nei. ʻO nā paʻa hydrogen intermolecular ma waena o nā pūʻulu poʻo ke kuleana no ko lākou haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka wai.

ʻO ka glucose ponoʻī, ʻo ka pilina o ka pūʻulu glucosyl me nā molekole wai a puni ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka hydrogen. No ka glucose, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o nā molekole wai i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ma mua o ka wai wale nō. No laila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka glucose, a me nā alkyl glucosides ma ke ʻano he "mea hana hale," he ʻano like me ka ethoxylates.

I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano o ka micelle ethoxylate, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka dielectric interfacial mau o ka alkyl glucoside a ʻoi aku ka like me ka wai ma mua o ka ethoxylate. No laila, ʻo ka ʻāina a puni nā pūʻulu poʻo ma ka alkyl glucoside micelle he ʻano wai.