Nui nā ala no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huila alkyl polyglycosides a i ʻole alkyl polyglucosides. Loaʻa nā ʻano hana synthetic mai nā ala stereotactic synthetic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūʻulu pale (e koho nui i nā pūhui) i nā ala synthetic ʻole koho (hui i nā isomers me nā oligomers).
Pono nā kaʻina hana hana kūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ka pālākiō ʻoihana e hoʻokō i kekahi mau koi. He mea nui ka hana ʻana i nā huahana me nā waiwai kūpono a me nā kaʻina hana waiwai. Aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻōpala a me nā hoʻokuʻu. Pono ka ʻenehana i hoʻohana ʻia i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka hana o ka huahana a me nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi i nā koi mākeke.
I ka hana ʻenehana o nā polyglycosides alkyl, ua kūleʻa kahi kaʻina hana i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka synthesis Fischer. Ua hoʻomaka ko lākou hoʻomohala ʻana ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki i hala a ua wikiwiki i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia manawa ua ʻae ʻia ke ʻano synthesis e lilo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa no nā noi ʻoihana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waiʻona kaulahao lōʻihi e like me dodecanol/tetradecanol
(C12-14 -OH), ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. ʻO ka waihona mea kanu hana hou ma Fischer Synthesis ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka ʻōpala haʻahaʻa, ʻenehana zero emission. ʻO kekahi pōmaikaʻi ʻē aʻe o Fischer synthesis ʻo ia ka pae awelika o ka polymerization o nā huahana hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ma luna o kahi ākea ākea. No laila, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā waiwai pili, e like me ka hydrophilicity/water-solubility, e hoʻokō i nā koi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia hou ʻia ke kumu waiwai e ka glucose anhydrous.
1. Nā mea maka no ka hana ʻana i nā alkyl polyglycosides
1.1 Waiona momona
Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia nā ʻawaʻawa momona mai nā meaʻai petrochemical (synthetic fatty alcohols) a i ʻole mai nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe e like me nā momona a me nā aila (nā momona momona kūlohelohe). Hoʻohana ʻia nā huila waiʻona momona i ka synthesis o alkyl glycosides e hoʻokumu i ka ʻāpana hydrophobic o ka mole. Loaʻa nā ʻawaʻawa momona kūlohelohe ma o ka transesteration a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka momona a me ka momona (triglyceride) e hana i ka momona momona methyl ester, a hydrogenated. Ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao alkyl ʻawaʻawa momona e pono ai, ʻo nā mea nui nā aila a me nā momona: ka ʻaila niu a i ʻole ka ʻaila pāma no ka moʻo C12-14, a me ka ʻaila tallow, palm a rapeseed no nā ʻona momona C16-18.
1.2 Puna kalapona
Loaʻa ka ʻāpana hydrophilic o ka mole mole alkyl polyglycoside mai kahi kaʻapona.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā kaʻaleʻa macromolecular a me nā monomer carbohydrates ma ka starch o
kānana, palaoa a ʻuala paha a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea maka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā alkyl glycosides. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka polymer carbohydrates ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka starch a i ʻole ka glucose syrup, aʻo ka monomer carbohydrates ke ʻano o ka glucose, e like me ka glucose anhydrous, monohydrate glucose, a i ʻole ka syrup glucose degraded loa.
ʻAʻole pili wale ke koho ʻana i nā mea waiwai, akā, ʻo ke kumukūʻai hoʻi.
Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, piʻi nā kumukūʻai maka ma ke kauoha starch/glucose syrup/glucose monohydrate/wai-free glucose akā ʻo nā pono mea kanu a no laila ke emi nei nā kumukūʻai hana ma ke kauoha like. (Kiʻi 1)