KA HOAKAKA O NA ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDES

Loaʻa nā Alkyl glucosides he koena alkyl hydrophobic i loaʻa mai ka waiʻona momona a me kahi ʻano saccharide hydrophilic i loaʻa mai D-glucose, i hoʻopili ʻia ma o kahi paʻa glycosidic. Hōʻike nā Alkyl glucosides i nā koena alkyl me nā ʻātoma C6-C18, e like me ka hapa nui o nā surfactants mai nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana, nā alkyl polyglycol ethers kaulana. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi ʻo ia ka hydrophilic headgroup, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hale saccharide me hoʻokahi a i ʻole mau ʻāpana glycosidically inter-linked D-glucose. I loko o ka kemika organik, loaʻa nā ʻāpana D-glucose mai nā kaʻapona, i ʻike nui ʻia ma ke ʻano āpau ma ke ʻano o nā sugars a i ʻole oligo a me nā polysaccharides. ʻO ia ke kumu he koho ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻāpana D-glucose no ka pūʻulu hydrophilic o nā surfactants, no ka mea, ʻaʻole pau ka pau ʻana o nā mea momona, nā mea maka hou. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā Alkyl glucosides ma kahi ʻano maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e kā lākou empirical formula.

Hōʻike ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana D-glucose i 6 mau kalapona kalapona. ʻO ka helu o nā ʻāpana D-glucose i loko o nā alkyl polyglucosides he n=1 i loko o nā alkyl monoglucosides, n=2 i nā alkyl diglucosides, n=3 i nā alkyl triglucosides, a pēlā aku. I loko o ka palapala, ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā hui ʻana o nā alkyl glucosides me nā helu like ʻole o nā ʻāpana D-glucose. ʻOiai pololei loa ka inoa ʻo "alkyl oligoglucoside" i kēia pōʻaiapili, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "alkyl polyglucoside" he mea hoʻopunipuni maʻamau, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka surfactant alkyl polyglucosides ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima mau ʻāpana D-glucose a no laila ʻaʻole ia he polymers. I loko o nā kumu hoʻohālike o nā polyglucosides alkyl, n e hōʻike ana i ka helu awelika o nā hui D-glucose, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke degere o ka polymerization n ma waena o 1 a me 5. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kaulahao o nā koena alkyl hydrophobic ma waena o X=6 a me X= 8 mau ʻātoma kalapona.

ʻO ke ala i hana ʻia ai nā alkyl glucosides surfactant, ʻo ia hoʻi ke koho ʻana i nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻololi ākea o nā huahana hope, ʻo ia paha nā alkyl glucosides maʻemaʻe a i ʻole nā ​​hui alkyl glucoside. No ka mea mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lula maʻamau o ka nomenclature i hoʻohana ʻia i ka kemika carbohydrate ma kēia kikokikona. ʻO nā huila alkyl glucoside i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he surfactants ʻenehana i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia i nā inoa liʻiliʻi e like me "alkyl polyglucosides," a i ʻole "APGs." Hāʻawi ʻia nā wehewehe ma ka kikokikona inā pono.

ʻAʻole hōʻike ke kumu hoʻohālikelike i ka stereochemistry paʻakikī a me ka polyfunctionality o nā alkyl glucosides. Hiki i nā koena alkyl kaulahao lō'ihi ke loa'a nā iwi kalapona laina a i 'ole lālā, 'oiai ua hā'awi pinepine 'ia nā koena alkyl laina. Ma ka ʻōlelo kemika, ʻo nā ʻāpana D-glucose āpau he polyhydroxyacetals, ka mea maʻamau i ʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau apo apo (hiki ke loaʻa mai ka furan ʻelima a i ʻole nā ​​apo pyran ʻeono) a me ka hoʻonohonoho anomeric o ka hale acetal. Eia kekahi, aia nā koho like ʻole no ke ʻano o nā paʻa glycosidic ma waena o nā ʻāpana D-glucose o alkyl oligosaccharides. Ma ke koena o ka saccharide o nā alkyl polyglucosides, hiki i kēia mau ʻano like ʻole ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano hana kemika paʻakikī, e paʻakikī loa ana ke koho ʻana i kēia mau mea.