ʻO nā pūʻulu hana i hiki ke sulfonated a sulfated paha e SO3 ua māhele nui ʻia i 4 mau ʻāpana; benzene apo, alcohol hydroxyl group, double bond, A-carbon of Ester group, nā mea maka e pili ana he alkylbenzene, fatty alcohol (ether), olefin, fatty acid methyl ester(FAME), nā huahana maʻamau he ʻenehana linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (ma hope aku nei). i kapa ʻia ʻo LAS), AS, AES, AOS a me MES. ʻO ka mea aʻe e hoʻolauna i ke kūlana hoʻomohala o ka ʻakika sulfonic a me nā surfactants sulfate e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā hui hana kūlohelohe hiki ke sulfonated e SO3.

2.1 alkylaryl sulfonates
ʻO ka Alkyl aryl sulfonate e pili ana i kahi papa o nā surfactants sulfonate i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka hopena sulfonation me ka sulfur trioxide me ke apo ʻala ma ke ʻano he hui hana organik. ʻO nā huahana maʻamau ka LAS a me ke kaulahao lōʻihi alkyl benzene sulfonate, Heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate (HABS), petroleum sulfonate a me alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate, etc.

2.1.1 Alkyl benzene sulfonate laina laina ʻoihana
Loaʻa ka LAS ma o ka sulfonation, ka ʻelemakule, ka hydrolysis a me ka neutralization o alkylbenzene. Mālama ʻia a kūʻai ʻia ʻo LAS ma ke ʻano o ka alkylbenzene sulfonic acid. I ka hoʻohana maoli ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me kahi alkali. Ua mālama ʻia a kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he paʻakai sodium. He maikaʻi ka LAS i ka pulupulu, emulsifying, huʻihuʻi a me ka detergency, a he kūpono maikaʻi me nā surfactants ʻē aʻe (AOS, AES, AEO), a he nui kona mau noi i nā māla holoi hale e like me ka holoi ʻana i ka pauka, ka mea holoi a me ka wai holoi. ʻO ka hemahema o LAS ʻo kona kūʻē maikaʻi ʻole i ka wai paʻakikī. Pono e hoʻohui i ka calcium a me ka magnesium ion chelating agents i ka wā e hoʻohana ai. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka degreasing o LAS a loaʻa kekahi ʻeha i ka ʻili.
2.1.2 kaulahao loloa alkyl benzene sulfonate
ʻO ke kaulahao lōʻihi alkyl benzene sulfonate e pili ana i ka papa o nā surfactants me ke kaulahao kalapona ka lōʻihi ma mua o 13, nona ka hana hoʻohana maikaʻi i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka aila kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia me ka alkyl benzene sulfonate kaumaha. ʻO ke kaʻina hana maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka HF ma ke ʻano he catalyst e hana i ka hana alkylation e ka wai kaumaha wax dehydrogenation huahana, e like me nā alkanes kaulahao lōʻihi, hui ʻolelfin me Benzene a i ʻole Xylene e hoʻomākaukau ai i Long chain alkyl benzene. A laila e hoʻohana i ka sulfonation membrane SO3 e hoʻomākaukau i ka ʻakika sulfonic alkylbenzene kaulahao lōʻihi.
2.1.3 Alkyl benzene sulfonate kaumaha
ʻO ke kaumaha alkylbenzene sulfonate kekahi o nā surfactant nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻaila. ʻO kāna mea waiwai nui alkylbenzene he mea ia o ka hana o ka dodecylbenzene, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa (<10%), no laila ua kaupalena ʻia kona kumu. ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka alkylbenzene kaumaha he paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka alkylbenzene, dialkylbenzene,
diphenylene, alkylindane, tetralin a pēlā aku.
2.1.4 Aila sulfonate
ʻO Petroleum sulfonate kahi ʻano surfactant i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e SO3 sulfonation o ka aila distillate petroleum. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka petroleum sulfonate e hoʻohana maʻamau i ka aila distillate kūloko o ka māla aila ma ke ʻano he mea maka. ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka sulfonation: ke kinoea SO3 film sulfonation, ka wai SO3 kettle sulfonation, a me ke kinoea SO3 spray sulfonation.
2.1.5 Alkyl Diphenyl Etera Disulfonate(ADPEDS)
ʻO Alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonate kahi papa o nā surfactants hana me nā pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic pālua i loko o ka mole. Loaʻa iā ia nā noi kūikawā i ka polymerization emulsion, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale a me ka ʻoihana, ka paʻi textile a me ke kala. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā surfactants monosulfonate kahiko (e like me LAS), hāʻawi nā pūʻulu disulfonic acid iā ia i kekahi mau waiwai kino a me nā mea kemika, ʻo ia ka solubility maikaʻi loa a me ka paʻa i ka 20% acid acid, alkali ikaika, inorganic paʻakai a me bleaching agent solutions. Aia ia me ka monoalkyl diphenyl ether bissulfonate (MADS), ka monoalkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate (MAMS), a me ka dialkyl Diphenyl ether bissulfonate (DADS) a me ka bisalkyl diphenyl ether monosulfonate (DAMS) i haku ʻia, ʻo ka mea nui ʻo MADS, a ʻoi aku kona ʻike ma mua o 80%. ʻO ka huahana sulfonated o alkyl diphenyl ether, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid, he viscosity kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka dichloroethane ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻomākaukau ʻia e kahi kaʻina hana sulfonation kettle.